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By the middle of the 19th century, many European and American doll makers used papier-mâché or composition as a substitute for china. Papier-mâché is a mixture of paper pulp and glue, while composition combines glue, sawdust and wood pulp. Both materials could be easily molded to form a head with facial features in relief. Included in the collection is a doll of about 1850, with a composition head sewn onto a linen and kid body. The head is painted with rosy cheeks and lips, and is coated with a thin layer of wax. The doll wears a plaid silk dress with a crinoline underneath to create the wide, bell-like skirt which was fashionable in the mid-19th century.
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